The Indian independence movement saw the participation of countless brave individuals, and Assam was no exception. Among these freedom fighters were numerous women who showed unparalleled courage and dedication.

Kanaklata Barua (1924-1942)

Kanaklata Barua, affectionately known as Birbala, was a young freedom fighter who became an iconic figure in the Quit India Movement of 1942. Born in Barangabari, Assam, on December 22, 1924, she was deeply influenced by the nationalistic fervor of the time.

Contribution: At the age of 17, Kanaklata joined the Mrityu Bahini, a group of young people willing to sacrifice their lives for India's freedom. Her most notable act of defiance came on September 20, 1942, when she led a procession of unarmed villagers holding the Indian National Flag towards the Gohpur Police Station. Despite warnings from the police, she continued the march, determined to hoist the national flag.

As the procession reached the police station, the police opened fire. Kanaklata was shot dead, and her martyrdom became a symbol of youthful patriotism and bravery. Her sacrifice is commemorated annually, and she remains an enduring inspiration for the people of Assam.

Pushpalata Das (1915-2003)

Pushpalata Das was a key figure in Assam's freedom struggle. Born on March 27, 1915, in North Lakhimpur, Assam, she was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and the principles of non-violence and civil disobedience.

Contribution: She actively participated in the Quit India Movement and was imprisoned for her involvement. Pushpalata was instrumental in organizing women in Assam, urging them to join the independence movement. Her efforts helped bring many women into the nationalistic fold.

After India gained independence, Pushpalata continued her social work. She focused on women's welfare, education, and empowerment. She also served as a member of the Assam Legislative Assembly and contributed significantly to the development of Assam.

Bhogeswari Phukanani (1885-1942)

Bhogeswari Phukanani was born in 1885 in Barhampur, Assam. She became an active participant in the Quit India Movement, leading protests against British authorities.

Contribution: On September 20, 1942, during a demonstration in Barhampur, she faced brutal repression from the British police. Despite the violence, Bhogeswari continued to lead the protest. She was shot by the police during one such protest, becoming a martyr for the cause of independence.

Bhogeswari Phukanani's sacrifice became a rallying point for many freedom fighters in Assam. Her bravery is remembered and celebrated, highlighting her role as a courageous leader in the independence movement.

Rani Gaidinliu (1915-1993)

Though primarily associated with Nagaland, Rani Gaidinliu had a significant influence in the Assam region as well. Born on January 26, 1915, in Tamenglong, Manipur, she began her resistance against British rule at a very young age.

Role in the Freedom Struggle

1. Heraka Movement: At the age of 13, she joined the Heraka religious movement led by her cousin Haipou Jadonang, which aimed to establish self-rule and revive Naga culture. After Jadonang's execution by the British in 1931, Gaidinliu took over the leadership of the movement.
2. Under her leadership, the movement became more political, resisting British colonial rule. She advocated for the independence of the Naga people and led guerrilla warfare against the British.
3. In 1932, at the age of 16, Gaidinliu was captured by the British authorities.
4. She was sentenced to life imprisonment and spent 14 years in various jails before being released in 1947 after India's independence.
5. After her release, she continued to work for the upliftment of the Naga people. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru gave her the title "Rani" (queen) in recognition of her efforts.
6. She played a significant role in the integration of the Naga region into the Indian Union and opposed the separatist movements that emerged in later years.
7. Rani Gaidinliu was honored with several awards, including the Tamrapatra Freedom Fighter Award, Padma Bhushan (1982), and the Vivekananda Seva Award (1983).
8. The Government of India released a commemorative stamp in her honor in 1996. Various institutions, scholarships, and landmarks have been named after her.

Padmadhar Chaliha

Padmadhar Chaliha was deeply involved in the Quit India Movement and played a significant role in mobilizing women to participate in the struggle for independence.

Contribution: She organized protests, led awareness campaigns, and brought more women into the independence movement. Her leadership and dedication were crucial in spreading nationalist sentiments among the people of Assam.

After independence, Padmadhar continued her social work, focusing on women's education and social reform. Her efforts significantly impacted the socio-economic conditions of women in Assam.

Rashmirekha Devi

Rashmirekha Devi was an active participant in the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Contribution: She led protests, organized boycotts of British goods, and was imprisoned multiple times for her activities against British rule. Her efforts were instrumental in mobilizing women and spreading awareness about the freedom movement.

After independence, Rashmirekha continued her work towards social reform and the empowerment of women in Assam. Her dedication to the cause of independence and social justice left a lasting legacy.

Aniruddha Rajkhowa

Aniruddha Rajkhowa was involved in various activities during the freedom struggle, including organizing protests and spreading nationalist sentiments.

Contribution: She played a significant role in spreading awareness about the independence movement among the women of Assam, encouraging their participation and involvement.

Her efforts in mobilizing women and spreading nationalist sentiments were crucial to the success of the freedom movement in Assam.

Savitri Phukan

Savitri Phukan was an active participant in the freedom movement, particularly in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Contribution: Known for her courage and dedication, she led protests and was actively involved in organizing boycotts against British rule.

After independence, Savitri continued her work for the welfare of women and the upliftment of society. Her contributions significantly impacted the socio-economic conditions in Assam.

Nalinibala Devi (1898-1977)

Nalinibala Devi was a poet and freedom fighter who used her literary talents to inspire people to join the freedom struggle. Born in Guwahati, Assam, on March 23, 1898, she was deeply influenced by the nationalist movement.

Contribution: She wrote patriotic poems and songs that stirred nationalist sentiments among the people of Assam. Her literary works played a significant role in spreading the message of independence and motivating people to participate in the freedom movement.

Nalinibala's writings continue to inspire and are considered an essential part of Assam's literary heritage. Her contributions to the freedom struggle through her poetry are remembered and celebrated.

Sarat Kumari Chaudhurani

Sarat Kumari Chaudhurani was actively involved in the freedom movement and worked alongside other freedom fighters to organize protests and boycotts against British rule.

Contribution: Her efforts were crucial in mobilizing women and spreading nationalist sentiments among the people of Assam.

Apart from her involvement in the freedom struggle, she was also dedicated to social work, aiming to improve the condition of women in Assam and promote education.

Pratima Barua Pandey (1934-2002)

Pratima Barua Pandey was known for her involvement in the freedom movement and her efforts to preserve the cultural heritage of Assam.

Contribution: She participated in various protests and movements against British rule, making significant contributions to the freedom struggle.

Besides her role in the freedom struggle, Pratima made significant contributions to Assamese folk music and culture. She was a renowned folk singer, and her efforts in preserving and promoting traditional art forms left a lasting cultural legacy.

These women, with their courage and dedication, played pivotal roles in Assam's contribution to India's freedom struggle. Their sacrifices and efforts not only helped in achieving independence but also laid the foundation for social reforms and women's empowerment in the region. Their legacies continue to inspire and remind us of the importance of standing up for justice and equality.

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